by Daniel J. Rosen, MD; and Alfons Pomp, MD, FACS

Introduction
When most of us learned about gastrointestinal physiology, cholecystokinin was an enzyme. It turns out that it is actually a powerful endocrine hormone as well. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract produces dozens of peptides that enter the circulation and cause a variety of effects relating to nutrient acquisition and energy balance. Since many of these mechanisms have only been elucidated within the last decade, many practicing surgeons lack complete understanding of how these hormones work and how they may be altered by surgery. Read the rest of this article »

Popularity: 3% [?]

by Edward E. Mason, MD, PhD, FACS Read the rest of this article »

Popularity: 1% [?]

by Sayeed Ikramuddin, MD; Daniel Leslie, MD; Bryan A. Whitson, MD; and Todd A. Kellogg, MD, PhD

All from the University of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

This article serves as an update of an article on the same topic published in Bariatric Times in September, 2005. (Ikramuddin S, Kellogg, TA. Energy Metabolism and Biochemistry of Obesity. Bariatric Times 2005;(2)5:37–9)

Introduction

Obesity, though clearly a result of energy excess in comparison to energy expenditure, has been difficult to establish as a disease. It is true that obesity is now occurring at epidemic proportions. In parallel, efforts to treat obesity are increasing. Currently, surgery is the only proven treatment resulting in sustained weight loss for the morbidly obese.[1] It is important to stress that surgery alone is not effective; however, surgery in a program of behavioral modification and sustained caloric reduction results in sustained weight loss greater than five years.

Read the rest of this article »

Popularity: unranked [?]